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Remarkable advances in recent years in basic and clinical research on cancer have proven that the disease is caused by genetic disorder. Consequently, treatment focusing on various genes and proteins that affect the state of the disease as molecular targets is beginning to be attempted.
Meanwhile, cancer screening for early detection has become widespread, allowing early treatment and reduction of mortality rate from cervical and stomach cancer. On the other hand, the incidence rate and mortality rate of some types of cancer are increasing in line with changes in lifestyle. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer among young females fit into this category. In those medical fields, the latest and best diagnostic and treatment techniques are required at all times.

The Society has its origin in the Japan Colposcopy Association, which was founded in August 1975 under the leadership of three scholars, Drs. Soju Kurihara, current honorary chairman, Yoshio Tenjin, and Kiichiro Noda. It was then renamed in 1982 as the Japan Society of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy in step with the establishment of the International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC), and in the next year, the first academic journal of the Society was issued. With further growth of the society in view, it was then renamed as the Japan Society of Gynecologic Pathology and Colposcopy in 1985, which in 1998 merged with the Japan Ovarian Tumor Pathology Research Society to form Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology. The Society expanded further in 2001, merging with the Japan Society for the Study of Uterine Cancer, Japanese Association for Gynecologic Oncology and Chemotherapy, and the Japan Society of Tumor Markers and Genetics in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The Society, which currently consists gynecologists, pathologists, and radiologists totaling well over 2,300 in number, making it the largest organization conducting research on diagnosis and treatment in the field of gynecologic tumors.

To pursue research on pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and molecular biology with a view toward broader studies of gynecologic tumors in general and to make the acquired knowledge publicly available, we established the "Specified nonprofit organization, Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology" in December 2004." To enlighten general physicians and educate young doctors, we are now drawing up guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancer.The first printing of Ovarian Cancer Treatment Guidelines was completed in October 2004, and Uterine Cancer Guidelines was completed in 2006., Preparation of a gynecologic tumor specialist system has also been completed. By training gynecologic tumor specialists as well as making public the guidelines for each treatment and the results of scientific investigations and researches on our website and in journals, we will promote and support medical care and welfare of the people.